Language of Kerala

World Languages

Malayalam – A Dravidian Language

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Malayalam speakers

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Paniya Language

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Tribes of Paniya

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‘Paniya’ - The non-scripted language

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Yerava language

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Tribes of Yerava

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Distinct Communities of Yeravas

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Other tribal languages of Kerala

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World Languages

Language of Kerala

Malayalam – A Dravidian Language

1

The development of Malayalam started during the 10th century as the official language of Kerala. Many scholars considered that this language originated from Tamil language since the grammar and vocabulary had the same resemblance. Sanskrit was prominent which greatly influenced Malayalam.

Malayalam speakers

2

In 2001, around 3,30,66,392 people used Malayalam as their mother tongue and in 2011, there is 2.88% increase in the count where around 3,48,38,819 people (16712384 - Male and 18126435 - Female) use Malayalam as their native language.

Paniya Language

3

The Paniya language is also known as Pania, Panyah and Paniyan. The term ‘Paniyas’ means ‘a worker’, as it has its origin from the Malayalam word’ Panikkar’ which means labourers as most of the people living there worked in other fields.

Tribes of Paniya

4

According to the 1981 Census, 63,827 Paniya speakers were found which includes 56,952 in Kerala, 482 in Karnataka and 6,393 in Tamil Nadu. In the year 2011, it was estimated that around 22,808 Paniyas spoke the Pania language.

‘Paniya’ - The non-scripted language

5

The Paniya language has no script. It is written in the phonetic script in Malayalam. Most of its speakers are found in districts of Kerala like Wayanad, Kannur, Kozhikode, and Malappuram, and the west of the Nilgiri Hills in Tamil Nadu.

Yerava language

6

Yerava language has exhibited a number of peculiarities which marks Malayalam as well from the tribes of Wayanad district in Kerala. Yerava which is known as ‘Ravula’ or Adiyan means ‘borrow’ as it is derived from the Kannada word.

Tribes of Yerava

7

According to the 1971 census, 0.79% of tribes hardly spoke Yerava. The Yeravas had 5.94% of the population forming the 3rd largest community among the scheduled tribes of Kerala.The Yeravas have their own-dialect of Malayalam but separate details are not available.

Distinct Communities of Yeravas

8

The Yeravas are grouped into two distinct communities as Pani Yeravas and Panjiri Yeravas. Both belong to the Dravidian origin but there are several words as the language uses certain words from Tamil, Kannada, Malayalam and Kodava.

Other tribal languages of Kerala

9

There are other languages like Adiya, Aranadan, Irula, Kakkala, Bettakurumba, Cholanaickan, Kani, Malamuthan, Kurichiya, Malaveda, Muduga, Mannan, Mullukurumba, etc where according to 2011 census, about 12,915 of the population used these but it is not under intense investigations of linguists.

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